Psychology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Psychology - Assignment Example Psycho-analytic theory of personality says that our personality is the product of unconscious drives, while behaviorist theory proposes that a person’s conditioning develops his or her personality. But humanistic theory of personality speaks on the importance of self growth and self actualization. It gives freedom for the persons to choose, while other theories are of the view that we are limited in many ways. This is the reason for choosing this idea and this theory changed my attitude that every individual has his or her freedom that would bring self growth and self actualization. The father of modern psychology Sigmund Freud has identified eight stages of life span in the theory of psycho-analysis. They are prenatal, infancy, early childhood, late childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood and late adulthood. It speaks that every individual belongs to each stages. Prenatal stage of development is the state from conception to birth. Infancy, which is the second stage, ends up with eighteen months. Early childhood is from eighteen months to six years in which the cognitive development of a child occurs. Late childhood starts from six years to thirteen years in which the child becomes sexually matured. The stage of adolescence is between thirteen years to twenty years. Early adulthood stage begins from twenty years to thirty years in which the individual’s important things in life are getting over such as marriage, rearing children etc, Middle adulthood starts from thirty years and ends up at the age of sixty five. The last stage, which is known as late adulthood, is above sixty five. As far as this life span is concerned for each individual, it is very important and each one of us goes across these stages. The personality of a person is influenced by the cultural and social atmosphere around the person. Difference in family context

Project management coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Project management - Coursework Example Rate of performance is portion of work (in percentage) that is actually complete as compared to the work schedule to be achieved (Meredith and Mantel, 2008). It is assumed that 50% of the work is completed at the end of 5 years in 2011 since no information is available. The report is an analysis of the key causes of failure of the national program for Information Technology project undertaken by the UK government so as to unify patient records over the digital platform countrywide. The cause have been analysed based on theories in importance of project governance and leadership in successful project implementation. It was found that lack of objective and goal definition, proper leadership communication and proper guidance on importance of data security and need for communicating with doctors were key causes behind failure of the national project. Project governance assists in ensuring that the project is being executed as per standards set by the organization, which is using the project. Such governance assures that all activities are executed as per the required standards and ethical compliances are maintained while creating provision for accountability of the project management team. The project manager uses project governance to develop a proper reporting system under the structure of governance and such structures also define the roles and responsibilities of each project team member. The project manager can also utilize the governance structure for priority setting within project objectives. Project leadership, on the other hand, refers to the emphasis of project managers on planning, devising processes, developing structures and solving problems. The project manager is responsible for planning out projects, measuring performances and resolving conflicts and roadblocks that hamper project progress. Project leadership involves visioning, communication, strategizing, empowering, listening, questioning

Explain Intra Industry Trade Economics Essay

Explain Intra Industry Trade Economics Essay The basic definition of international trade is the exchange of items or commodities between countries without considering the nation boundary. The country is able to export a product when the product industry has grown completely and the production is far more than the demand of the home country. Import activity is done by purchasing certain product from other country to meet the demand of the nation about certain product. Economies of scale determine the import and export activity. Trading is the cause for organizations to focus on cost efficiency. Another point of view for organizations to think about trade is it expands the industry boundary without any limit. The industry can expand its business activity and the output to export. If an organization is producing a product in large quantity, there is a phenomenon that its cost will reduce and it is call economies of scale. Example: if the fixed cost to produce product A is 5000/-, the variable cost is 4/ unit. The lesser the company will produce the higher will be the cost. And the higher the quantity is produced the fixed cost will be divided more on the large number of units produced. Figure Import Export mechanism Economies of scale are of two types, one is external and one is internal economies of scale. Internal economies of scale are due to the technological advancement in the firm. The firm is cost efficient due to technological change at a certain level of output. The external economies of scale are achieved by the help of third party. In this case the manufacturing companies took help for its business activities as it will increase the cost of the product if the company is doing it by its way. After outsourcing the activity to third party, the firm has managed to be cost efficient. The external economies of scale mean the cost efficiency due to the involvement of third party in term of technical or commercial support. In this case, the firm takes the services like training of the labour, technological help and all factors which can reduce the cost. In this case the economies of scale are internal for the industry and external for the firm. The important thing about economies of scale is that the countries with little differences in term of resources and technology are gaining the efficiency and becoming the part of intra-trade industry. As, world is a global village, the economies of scale explain the phenomenon of intra- industry trade in which countries are trading almost similar products with minor differentiation with each other. Economies of scale mean production in large quantity. If a country produces a certain product in large quantity it can lower the cost as the cost of the product is divided into two parts, variable and fixed cost. The greater the firms production capability, the larger the economies of scale and intra-industry trade. International trade theory explains the pattern for international trading between the countries around the globe. Intra-industry trade is more suitable for monopolistic competition than oligopoly. In monopolistic competition there is only one major player of the industry who holds the share of the market and price of the product. In monopolistic competition the firm produces in a large quantity which reduces the cost of the product. And in oligopoly many players have the share of the industry and price control power. According to Ohlin theory of trade, the trading between the countries is due to the lack of resources. The countries trade to utilize the resources and fulfil the need of the resources, because none of the country has enormous resources. The countries have to fulfil the demand of the resources and for that they need to import it from another country. The modern trade theory revolves around three factors which are technology, competitive structure, and scale of production (Robert, 2010). Competitive structure is related to the competitive advantage over the competitors in term of resources. These resources can be technical, cost efficiency or the product differentiation. The drivers of the economy are technology and economies of scale. Now days technology is playing the most important role in the economy as the cost efficient and effective of the factors of production depends on it. Technology is the factor which can either make the unit cost so high or the unit cost can be a minimum. Heckscher-Ohlin model of trade revolve around the economies of scale as the as it is the most important factor considered for trading. As, international trade theory explains the benefits of trading activities in any shape of resources (Robert, 2010). The basic benefit for internationally trading is to provide the nations a better living standard with lower price. Ohlin theory focused more on the economies of scale as trading, competitive edge depends on the cost of the product. Technology can be helpful in lowering the cost but economies of scale helps the firms not only expand their resources and capacity but also produce in large quantity which will lower the fixed cost of the production. In the nut shell economies of scale tends to increase the chance of the trading, as the purpose of trading is to provide better living standards to nations. Ohlin theory of trade focused on the 3 factors technology, competitive structure, and scale of production. Economies of scale are the most effective tool in term of lowering the cost of the product. Explain how intra- industry trade might be expanded via formation of regional trading agreements and custom unions. Are these international trading arrangements always trade creating? Trading is considered to be the most effective way to share the resources in term of commodities among countries. Economists have given a new concept to the world, as a global village. Economist believes that with this concept the world will utilize the resources in a standard way, and the living standard of the people will be same as there will be no hurdle for trading. The term intra-industry trade is used for international trading in which the countries import and export similar commodities with each other. This trading is done on the basis of cost efficiency, and the expertise of the resources. According to the new concept of trade, every country should focus on the resources it has and should get an edge over its competitors in the utilization of that resource. In intra- industry trade, regional trading agreements and custom unions are playing a vital role. There are two types of countries in the world, developed countries and under developed countries. In the new concept of the world trading, the developed countries will share the resources and their expertise with under develop countries to provide the same kind of living standards to the whole world. The trade agreements is been done in between different countries in order to expand the import and export. These agreements mainly focused on the conditions of trading between the countries. As, the trading should be balanced in between the countries, none of the country can only import goods or none of the country can only export goods. The trading should be in equilibrium. The trading agreements are reducing the national and political boundaries among countries. There are various types of regional agreements which have different kind of commitments from the participating countries. The Free Trade Areas (FTA) in which the members countries reduce the trade barriers among themselves in order to protect specific sector from the competition from the non members countries. In Custom Unions (CU) the participating countries agree on a common trade regime and also trading with non member countries on external tariff. European Union (EU) is the most committed trade agreement. These agreements have bigger advantages on the economies of the countries. In the nut shell these agreements and unions are helping the firms with the legal obligations and tax systems. While governments do these agreements, new policy of trade between the participants is been made to increase the trade and remove the barriers. With reference to the theory of optimum currency area, critically examine the  conditions for successful adaptation of a single currency by a custom union to enhance trade. Combine monitoring policy has become an important factor in the global economic era. Economists have made the world a global village and want to have single currency in the globe. In economics, optimum currency area theory focused on the sharing of currency among several countries in order to maximize the economic efficiency. It is also known as the optimal currency region without considering geographical boundaries. This theory explains the optimal features for combining several currencies or creating a new currency for performing economic activities. In optimum currency area theory the sovereign countries adopt a single currency for permanently combining their exchange rates. The single currency can fluctuate only in the union for performing economic activities and the trading with the participant countries can only be done with the merged currency. There are four main levels of the optimum currency area theory. In the first, Pioneering Phase the properties of OCA theory is been debated. The mainly discussions was on the exchange rates, financial markets, inflation and factors of production. The initial debate was to initiate the boarder of the currency and the resulting cost and benefits. In the second phase, reconciliation phase the properties of OCA is been analysed and it result in the drawbacks of some of the properties and new insight properties of OCA theory. These two phases result in analyzing the problem and inconsistency of exchange rates. However, theoretical and empirical evidences lead the concept from monitory union to cost and benefits which result in currency union. The new policies is been started to generate and many OCA properties were uniformed. These problems been coped up the in the third phase which is reassessment phase, which bought a new concept of one currency, one market. In the last phase empirical evidence in which the theoretical and empirical evidences is been examined. All OCA properties are re-evaluated to discover how their interpretation has transformed. European Union initiated Euro as one median of exchange in European countries. The trading with EU can only be done in Euro which has increased the usefulness of currency as one medium of exchange. The price discrimination, market segmentation will also decrease and it will increase the competition due to one currency and one market. OCA helps in the reduction of nominal exchange rate. EU depends on one currency which means if any of the country suffers a budget deficit it will impact the whole EU. This impact will not only strain on the interest rate but also the world confidence on one currency. In the nut shell, OCA theory applies on the world new concept of one global village. In which geographical boundaries have no importance. EU manages to trade through Euro as one currency and once market. Use recent EuroStat data to examine the extent and the pattern of intra-industry trade within the Eurozone trading area. What are the implications of your analysis for trade creation within this trading zone? Trade statistics helps both public and private users in shape of basic instrument for trade. The statistics helps the authorities to change their trade policy and improve competition as Eurostat data is the source of information about trade. After the new concept of world as a global village and sever as one market, Eurostat becomes the main source for data collection from the non EU member and EU members and a new system for data collection been introduced as INTRASTAT. Statistics on external trade and intra-EU trade are compiled on the basis of Community regulations. The tables used below are all taken from Eurostat. Trading has two ways, one is import and one is export. The definition of Import in terms of EU is the commodity or good which enters in to the statistical territory of EU from third world country. Export is defining as the good or commodity leave the statistical territory of EU. According to the Eurostat data the EU trading share to the world in term of exports is higher than any other union or country in 2010. The share of EU is 16 % in terms of export and 17.3% in shape of imports which means EU plays a vital role in the world inta-industry trade. The trade balance of Eurozone trading area is negative as the imports are higher than exports. The calculation of IIT indices can be done by several ways. It can be done by country to country and it can also be done by regions and unions. The formula is based facts and figure about the import and export of the country. The data is available on the official website of Eurostat. All the participant countries and non participant countries have to submit their trading data on Eurostat website on the basis of standard provided by UN. The data is available to the public for external trade and Intra-European Union trade statistics, as the private and public sectors analyse the opportunities thorough it. The information provided on EU on Eurostat in enough to calculate indices. The indices are determined as the price indicator. Indices can be calculated product wise, country wife and region wise. Here are some examples of Indices. import Export Y X Y X X-Y X+Y EU 1,509.10 1,349.20 0.173183 0.159873 -0.01331 0.333056 US 1456.5 944 0.167147 0.111859 -0.05529 0.279006 China 964.2 1168.3 0.110651 0.138437 0.027786 0.249088 Japan 506.1 541.1 0.05808 0.064117 0.006038 0.122197 South Korea 310.5 340.6 0.035633 0.040359 0.004727 0.075992 Canada 321.4 291.1 0.036884 0.034494 -0.00239 0.071377 Hong kong 305.2 287.8 0.035025 0.034103 -0.00092 0.069127 Singapore 220.5 256.1 0.025304 0.030346 0.005042 0.055651 Mexico 245.5 224.9 0.028173 0.026649 -0.00152 0.054823 Russia 162.8 280.5 0.018683 0.033238 0.014555 0.051921 India 245.4 166.6 0.028162 0.019741 -0.00842 0.047903 Australia 157.5 153.8 0.018075 0.018224 0.00015 0.036299 -0.02356 1.44644 world 8,713.90 8,439.20 World INDEX -0.01629 The table of indices shows that the above mentioned countries are importing more items than they are exporting. If the export and import are equal the index value is 1. If it`s less than zero it means that the imports of the country is exceeding over the exports. The trade balance is compulsory as it the country is focused on importing the commodities than the country is destroying its economy. And its the same as in case of exports. The table below shows the indices per month and year for EU countries. In the same way Indices can be calculated on the basis of product, consumption and even buying manners. 2011M11   2011M12   2012M01   2012M02   2012M03   2012M04   2012M05   2012M06   2012M07   2012M08   2012M09   2012M10   One year Euro area (17 countries) -0.00891 0.00118 -0.00569 -0.01575 -0.00609033 -0.00452 0.000926 0.009519 0.002299 0.006505 0.015043 0.005026 -0.00047 Euro area (16 countries) -0.05322 -0.04283 -0.04994 -0.06064 -0.04955932 -0.04896 -0.04316 -0.03445 -0.04153 -0.03844 -0.02882 #DIV/0! -0.49156 EU (27 countries) -0.05288 -0.03875 -0.05201 -0.06928 -0.05291319 -0.05992 -0.04488 -0.04039 -0.04436 -0.0481 -0.04665 -0.05649 -0.60664 The calculations show that the EU countries are importing more items and exporting less. In this analysis many internal factors involve like factors of production in EU countries are much higher than other countries of the world. However, if in the case that even all of the exports are increasing in different sectors than increase in imports, it is possible than IIT will increase. Is Eurozone an optimal currency area? Provide a critical assessment of this issue using   key theoretical and empirical indicators including your analysis of the extent and the pattern of intra-industry trade within the Eurozone trading area in part (b), and an analysis of the extent of labour mobility in the Euro-zone trading area. Eurozone is optimal currency area as EU has initiated Euro as one medium o exchange. The concept of OCA theory is to share the currency or create a new combine currency which will be used by the participant countries as medium of exchange. European Union initiated Euro as one median of exchange in European countries. The trading with EU can only be done in Euro which has increased the usefulness of currency as one medium of exchange. It will bring the equality in term of paper money and markets. Competition will be more intense as the firms are not only competing with local manufacturers but also with international players. EU is been made for the purpose of intra-industry trade, as to combine the benefits of several countries and drivers of the economies. Regional trading agreements and custom unions are playing a vital role in international trade. There are two types of countries in the world, developed countries and under developed countries. In the new concept of the world tradin g, the developed countries will share the resources and their expertise with under develop countries to provide the same kind of living standards to the whole world. The trade agreements is been done in between different countries in order to expand the import and export. These agreements mainly focused on the conditions of trading between the countries. The competitive advantage theory of trade suggests the countries that every single country should focused on the competitive edge they can get from other competitors. They should only focused on their resources and their expertise rather than working in several industries without expertise. EU agreements help the participants in term of resources as well. There are no restrictions for the labour of EU countries to limits their services to home country. As, the new concept one currency, one market means the sharing of resources as well. The nominal unit of labour cost is the ratio total reimbursement of workforce with the number of persons employed. When there is a decrease in the Nominal unit it means that the unemployed number of labour is increasing. To control on EU participant countries nominal unit labour cost, it was decided to share the labour skills with all participant countries in order to get an advantage over non participant countries. There will be exchange programs on the government levels and training programs for the labour to train them well. The NULC is calculated by the formula: (total D1 in national currency / total employees in persons) / (GDP in market prices in CLV05 in national currency / total employment in persons) The nominal Unit labour cost of EU countries is given below: 2009   2010   2011   2012   2013   Belgium 8.8   10.8   8.0   6.3   5.8f   7.3f   Bulgaria 26.7   38.5   33.9   20.3   9.6f   6.9f   Czech Republic 6.5   8.4   5.7   3.3   1.3f   2.8f   Denmark 13.6   17.7   11.0   4.7   0.2f   1.6f   Germany -0.6   7.2   6.8   5.9   3.3f   6.0f   Estonia 46.7   36.2   9.1   -6.2   -2.0f   6.6f   Ireland 14.8   6.7   -4.1   -12.8   -9.5f   -3.9f   Greece 6.6p   14.5p   11.5p   4.1p   -12.3f   -12.1f   Spain 13.4   11.4   4.9   -2.1   -6.1f   -4.7f   France 6.8   8.8   7.7   6.0   4.4f   4.9f   Italy 8.3   10.5   8.1   4.4   2.3f   3.7f   Cyprus 4.0   7.0   7.2   8.8   -0.8f   0.4f   Latvia 79.4b   42.0b   -0.3b   -15.0b   -7.7f   2.2f   Lithuania 29.6   15.9   1.2   -8.4   -7.2f   0.4f   Luxembourg 12.5   19.3   19.2   12.5   9.3f   10.1f   Hungary 13.1   14.0   6.4   3.7   5.5f   12.6f   Malta 8.3   11.0   9.4   7.8   1.5f   3.6f   Netherlands 5.4   10.2   7.6   5.8   2.7f   4.4f   Austria 6.1   10.2   8.9   5.9   4.1f   5.1f   Poland 9.2   12.8   11.3   4.3   5.3f   7.0f   Portugal 5.6   8.0   5.1p   1.3p   -5.3f   -4.4f   Romania 48.6   45.7   36.5   12.7   12.2f   6.5f   Slovenia 10.3   18.4   15.9   8.3   1.0f   0.0f   Slovakia 6.7   10.9   9.4   4.4   -0.9f   0.7f   Finland 7.7   16.9   14.4   9.1   2.5f   5.8f   Sweden 6.9   12.1   5.1   1.4   -0.1f   3.3f   United Kingdom 8.5   11.1   10.0   8.1   5.3f   5.5f  

A Perfect Day in the Ocean Essay examples -- Descriptive Essay Examples

A Perfect Day in the Ocean As I watch, the waves from the shore look fun and almost innocent as they crest and then crash over one another. I can taste the salt in they air and watch little rainbows glisten through the prisms of the ocean’s spray. The warm ocean water toward the shore is covered with foam and bubbles from the rumbling waves as children and their families play in the gritty tan colored sand. I think to myself, â€Å"This is perfect†. I make the final preparations on my Yamaha Waverunner. All of the fluid levels check full and there is a faint smell of gasoline mixed with the aromas of salt and fish in the air. I am now ready to brave and jump the mighty ocean waves of South Padre Island! Before the truck backs the trailer into the warm waters at the dock and lowers the Waverunner into the blue-green abyss, I crank the engine for a final systems check. It roars powerfully, drowning out the sound of the birds circling overhead, as thick black and gray smoke initially pours from the exhaust and then slowly drifts away on the wind’s light breeze. I turn the impressive machine off to finish my final preparations. As I put on the Jet Pilot lifejacket and tighten the thick blue straps, I remind myself to stay calm and not to make stupid or impulsive decisions during my journey into the ocean. It is easy to push oneself to the limits and lose track of reality. I must remember to respect Mother Nature at all times and keep in mind that I am not invincible. I climb aboard the Waverunner and grab hold of the handbars, warm from the bright sun. Now the truck begins to back up, gently lowering me on this powerful machine into the calm waters of the docking area. As I drift from the trailer, I take a moment to lo... ... spot two more dolphins and then another joins them. The first dolphin emerges again to make a total of four. They are swimming in front of me, playing in the surf. It is almost as if they are leading me to shore. As I idle through the channel, they slowly disappear back to their home in the Gulf. Once the dolphins are gone, I gently squeeze the throttle and head back to the docks. With a final look back, a see the sun’s reflection off of the glassy smooth water as the ripples of my wake break the surface behind. I think about what a wonderful experience this day has been. Approaching the boat trailer, I realize how physically tired I am from the constant rush of adrenaline brought by my adventures. I have the memories of the exciting jumps of the waves and the vivid pictures in my mind of the graceful dolphins swimming in the sunset. I am ready to go home. A Perfect Day in the Ocean Essay examples -- Descriptive Essay Examples A Perfect Day in the Ocean As I watch, the waves from the shore look fun and almost innocent as they crest and then crash over one another. I can taste the salt in they air and watch little rainbows glisten through the prisms of the ocean’s spray. The warm ocean water toward the shore is covered with foam and bubbles from the rumbling waves as children and their families play in the gritty tan colored sand. I think to myself, â€Å"This is perfect†. I make the final preparations on my Yamaha Waverunner. All of the fluid levels check full and there is a faint smell of gasoline mixed with the aromas of salt and fish in the air. I am now ready to brave and jump the mighty ocean waves of South Padre Island! Before the truck backs the trailer into the warm waters at the dock and lowers the Waverunner into the blue-green abyss, I crank the engine for a final systems check. It roars powerfully, drowning out the sound of the birds circling overhead, as thick black and gray smoke initially pours from the exhaust and then slowly drifts away on the wind’s light breeze. I turn the impressive machine off to finish my final preparations. As I put on the Jet Pilot lifejacket and tighten the thick blue straps, I remind myself to stay calm and not to make stupid or impulsive decisions during my journey into the ocean. It is easy to push oneself to the limits and lose track of reality. I must remember to respect Mother Nature at all times and keep in mind that I am not invincible. I climb aboard the Waverunner and grab hold of the handbars, warm from the bright sun. Now the truck begins to back up, gently lowering me on this powerful machine into the calm waters of the docking area. As I drift from the trailer, I take a moment to lo... ... spot two more dolphins and then another joins them. The first dolphin emerges again to make a total of four. They are swimming in front of me, playing in the surf. It is almost as if they are leading me to shore. As I idle through the channel, they slowly disappear back to their home in the Gulf. Once the dolphins are gone, I gently squeeze the throttle and head back to the docks. With a final look back, a see the sun’s reflection off of the glassy smooth water as the ripples of my wake break the surface behind. I think about what a wonderful experience this day has been. Approaching the boat trailer, I realize how physically tired I am from the constant rush of adrenaline brought by my adventures. I have the memories of the exciting jumps of the waves and the vivid pictures in my mind of the graceful dolphins swimming in the sunset. I am ready to go home.

Uses of Computer in Field of Business Essay

Computer in business: Information Technology (IT) has played a very significant role in taking business to new height. Before computers, the time taken to complete a task was more and however as computer started to be used in business establishments, the processing of work got more stabilized. Some of its uses in the field of business are given below: Keeping records: Computer programs such as QuickBooks and other accounting programs to allow business to keep detailed records. These programs track accounts payable, accounts receivable and sales. They also provide a easy and quick way for a business to send invoices to customers and handle payroll functions. Back office productivity and accuracy can increase greatly when using an accounting program. Budgeting and Forecasting : Computers can be used to prepare budgets and corporate forecasts, inexpensive accounting programs allow even people with limited computer knowledge to develop detailed budgets that will help to keep the company on track. They can also be used to forecasts future sales and business expansions. Spreadsheet program such as excel can also be used for budgeting and forecasting. Inventory Control and Management: Inventory control and management Is a crucial process , especially in establishments related to retail and production, such as details of good, goods coming in distribution of stock and storage details. Preparing Marketing Documents: There are wide varieties of programs that allow businesses to easily prepare dynamic marketing documents. Word for documentation, Spreadsheets for storing large data, Adobe Photoshop provides eye catching customs. E- Commerce: E commerce(electronic commerce) describes the buying, selling and exchanging of products services and information via computer networks there are many applications of e commerce such as: Electronic mail: A service of transporting text messages, videos and audios from one computer to another via internet. Electronic shopping: it allows businesses and internet users to buy goods and services at home, form work and from anywhere in the world. Electronic banking: it helps businesses for transmission of cash from home or on the road using online banking instead of physical bank location Research: The business can use the internet to search its competitors, products and prices by studying their websites. they can also get glimpse on how costumers view their own products by reading their costumer reviews on different websites. Communication: Communication is key when gaining and maintaining clients and other important contacts. Computers give businesses access to email, instant messaging and custom customer contact systems. Computerized phone systems allow for automated support during off hours and a virtual operator can quickly direct callers to the correct department for faster support. Marketing : Computers allow businesses to create websites, stunning ads and complete marketing campaigns. Marketing videos can be edited and custom ads created in-house with the use of specialized software. Businesses can completely develop and manage websites with their own servers or connect remotely to a third-party business to upload their latest content such as articles, product images and blog posts. Storage: Instead of filing cabinets, businesses are able to store millions of files using computers and servers. Data can be stored centrally for easy access from multiple computers or stored locally for individual use. Computerized storage saves space and provides a far more efficient organization strategy. With encryption, passwords and replace keys, data  remains secure. Social issues with the use of computer Computer technology has made several important impacts on our society. Today computer is playing very important role in every field of life. But with thos rapid increase the social issues arising from it are also increasing day by day. Some of its positive issues are given below: Use of computer in a positive way : Business: Today, in global markets, it is impossible to run the business without the use of computer technology.  Many business activities are performed very quickly and  efficiently by using computers. The administrative  paperwork is also reduced by using computers. Many  business use websites to sell their products and contact  their customers. Education: Computers are used in teaching and research. The students can solve different kinds of problems quickly and efficiently by using computers. They can also collect different information on the Internet. Bank: Computers are widely used in banks. They are used in banks for record keeping and maintaining accounts of customers. Most of the banks provide the facility of ATMs. The customers can draw money through ATM card from any branch of that bank (or another bank) at any time of a day. Entertainment: Computers are also playing very important role for the entertainment of human beings. Nowadays, computer can be used to watch television programs on the Internet. People can also watch movies, listen music, and play games on the computer. Many computer games and other entertainment materials of different kinds are available on the Internet. Medical: Nearly every area of the medical field uses computers. For example, computers are used for maintaining patient history & other records. They are also used for patient monitoring and diagnosis of diseases etc. Using Computers In negative Ways: New technology brings with it new opportunities for crime, but in many ways, computers and computer networks have left many open doors for criminal to enter. Some of them are given below: Software theft Software theft costs the software industry an estimated $12 billion a year. Users have an opinion on the ethics of copying software that does not match the publishers and it is not always certain where the law stands on this around the world. Companies are not sure whether copyrights or patents is the best way to protect intellectual property and several look and feel cases have left the issues unresolved.The large question is how to protect intellectual property right without stifling creativity overall. Hacking: Attacks by hackers and computer viruses have cost computer operators a great deal of time and money. Hackers have: broken into computer systems to change exam results (and sometimes grades), disrupted 911 systems, hacked into US military computers sold stolen data to the KGB and blackmailed London banks into hiring them as â€Å"security consultants.† Viruses: Viruses have erased file, damaged disks, and shut down computer systems. The most infamous virus is the Internet worm started by Robert Morris in 1998, tying up 6000 computer systems nationwide. While some people think that hackers are guardians of civil liberties, most legal systems view them as trespassers and vandals. Privacy: Safeguarding privacy in a modern society where so much information about us is public is extremely difficult if not impossible. There have been data disasters involving mistaken identities, data mix-ups, and doctored data which adversely affect people’s lives, including driving and credit records. Aggravating the problem are the issues of calling number identification (CNID or Caller ID) monitoring of e-mail, and data marketing.

Media Depiction of Teenagers

Britain, the land of hope and glory, or maybe not. Media today seems to be painting an inept picture of Britain, the land of drugs and ASBO's. Are we really that bad? Can you seriously say that all teenagers are unbelievably badly behaved even when we're not! Sure, we as teenagers are sometimes bad and don't do homework, however, what about the adults who are mercilessly murdering innocent people? Have we simply forgotten about those? I hope not, I think that it's about time we started to remember those few adults and started to weigh the sides against each other. Fact is, whatever way you look at it, people are bad. There are a select few that sit on street corners, drinking vodka and use every swear word that is known to man at old ladies driving past in their little mini's. Yes, but at least we aren't on the M11 speeding at 100 miles per our and totalling three cars every five minutes. Yes, we aren't perfect but neither are these so called adults. So to say that we are all â€Å"little emperors† is that at all fair? No! Of course it isn't. It's only a small percentage of people, namely teenagers, who actually do these hanist crimes. So, stop giving just teenagers a hard time, all the time. Be fair for once and we may, just may, start treating you with the respect you all demand most of the time unfairly. A perfect example of a â€Å"Jeremy Kyle† teenager is a Miss Emily Travell, only fifteen, and pregnant with her second child, a regular in the local boozers and with a reputation not to be shouted about. Not a freshman to the police either, just recently was taken in for indecent exposure, however, I'm sure whenever she isn't drinking, taking unseemly powders, that she is really quite nice. Also there's a saying â€Å"You grow up like those who you're around†, what about that? Yes, ok, using Emily Travell as an example does actually show you what some, not all teenagers, get up to, however, she is only a very small percentage of the population that chooses to act in this appalling way. Most teens are actually really well behaved; they don't commit crime, they don't have underage sex and actually do act like teenagers should. However can you even define what a good teenager is anymore? If you look at most adults they aren't exactly the best role models in the world, so how are we supposed to act? Its confusing; you say act like your parents would; some do and get slated for it. Fact is, that we are teenagers and yes, I agree that neo excuse for anything we do wrong but I'm positive that when you were our age you would have acted the same, maybe you did things in different ways, however it's the same sort of principle. If you are fair in judging us then maybe we could return that small favour? Maybe that rebellious instinct that we are all born with is still there in you adults too? No one is perfect, that is a simple fact of life which won't be changing anytime soon, nor can you really determine what perfect is. Maybe, just maybe, if you were to stop squabbling amongst and actually, shock horror, started to act like adults, then maybe we might start taking you for real as a proper role model, not a fake one. Exams; how on earth would you know that they're getting easier? You're not taking them; we are and let me confirm that in no way, shape or form are they getting easier; quite the opposite really. Sorry and all but when you've been writing for days on end trying to desperately get your coursework done and then your plonked right in front of an hour writing exam, is that not a decent enough reason for us to be annoyed at the adult race who believes it great to get us to do a few tests here and a few more there? Also I would like to see each adult that has a problem with the current GCSE test difficulty to get out of their office and sit them; lets see if you all pass and if your opinion changes. I can bet it will. Frankly, GCSE's seem pointless because they're always changing therefore if were all being fair here, how on earth can you get a consistent reading which you can compare? Without a sure set of results you can't expect people to just take your word for the exams getting easier. Maybe if you stopped changing them every two days then we may just get something to use on a larger scale and from that we can show whether GCSEs are getting harder or as you say, easier. Although I suppose the adults, our parents, have forgotten the general idea that teachers may get better training than that of 1852, yes, they actually do. Remember those taxes you moan about too? That helps for their training to so don't be such a hypocrite. They get at least six, yes, count them, six training days a year. Surely that means that teachers are better qualified? Besides why would you want to mean now? You are never happy, you are grumpy and absolutely kill us however when we actually do something right for once they moan even more! It's a vicious cycle which we can't escape from. You really don't even give us a chance to get better since you don't help, you simply bombard our minds and emotions with rants about pointless things we don't need to hear for the 50th time. That's a great example of us being bitter because you talk too much. At the end of the day, we are trying our best to behave and get good grades, which is incidentally what you want us to do. If you want us to do something else, then simply say. We have no choice but to do it because we live under your roof. All we ask is that you are fair when you judge us because if I'm blunt, you haven't been and truthfully you've just made the situation worsen and made it deeper. At the end of the day when I sit down to watch the BBC news, I expect to see teenagers being unfairly slandered. I can only hope for the day when our children can see a completely different screen.